How the .NET generational Garbage Collector optimizes memory management:

• Gen 0: Short-lived objects (temporary variables, loop buffers). Collected frequently in sub-millisecond pauses.
• Gen 1: Buffer zone for objects that survived Gen 0.
• Gen 2: Long-lived objects (static singletons, cache dictionaries). Full GC collections are expensive.
• Large Object Heap (LOH): Objects $\ge 85,000$ bytes are allocated directly on LOH to avoid copying costs during compaction, but can cause address space fragmentation.
• Pinned Object Heap (POH): Objects pinned for native interop to avoid GC compaction barriers.

Allocating large buffers repeatedly on the LOH is the leading cause of OutOfMemoryException crashes in 32/64-bit .NET services.

Always use ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent() for buffers $>85\text{KB}$ to keep them off the LOH free lists!